UNCULTIVATED FOOD (Tribal knowledge on wild edible plants) : INDIA

                                            Tribal knowledge on wild edible plants :INDIA

SOURCE:http://www.niscair.res.in/sciencecommunication/researchjournals/rejour/ijtk/Fulltextsearch/2007/January%202007/IJTK-Vol%206(1)-January%202007-pp%20177-181.htm Wild edible plants of Khasi, Jaintia and Garo tribes of Meghalaya
Plant name	Family	Local Names	Mode of Utilization
Acanthopanax trifoliatus Seem.	Araliaceae	Kenbut (G)	Young shoots cooked as vegetable
Adhatoda vasica Ness.	Acanthaceae	Devglamch (G)	Cooked as vegetable
Alocasia indica (Roxb.) Schott.	Araceae	Kimchit nokam (G)	Cooked as vegetable
Amaranthus gangeticus Linn.	Amaranthaceae	Chantili (G)	Cooked as vegetable
Amblyanthus glandulosus DC.	Myrsinaceae	Jia herew (J)	Cooked as vegetable
Amorphophallus bulbifer (Roxb.) Bl.	Araceae	Jiathynrew (J)	Cooked as vegetable
Antidesma acidum Retz.	Euphorbiaceae	Aburok-arabok (G)	Leaves eaten raw
Argyreia nervosa Burm.f.	Convolvulaceae	Soh ring kang (K)	Leaves eaten raw
Artocarpus chapalasha Roxb.	Moraceae	Soh-phan (K)	Cooked as vegetable
Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.	Moraceae	Soh-phan (K) Soh shram (J)	Dried powdered seeds boiled with water are eaten as a substitute for rice during famine or scarcity.
Azadirachta indica A. Juss.	Meliaceae	Neemu (G)	Cooked as vegetable
Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.	Euphorbiaceae	Soh ramdieng (K), Dojuka (G)	Flower eaten raw
Bauhinia purpurea Linn.	Caesalpiniaceae	Muyung-laphang (K) megong (G)	Leaves and flowers cooked as vegetable
Begonia josephi Br.	Begoniaceae	Jajew (K)	Leaves cooked as vegetables.
Begonia palmate D. Don.	Begoniaceae	Hurmaw (G)	Young shoots cooked as vegetable
Begonia roxburghii (Miq.) DC.	Begoniaceae	Kimchare (G)	Leaves and shoots are cooked with dry fish
Begonia rubrovenia Hk.	Begoniaceae	Johusia (J)	Tender shoot is edible
Buddleja macrostachya Benth.	Buddijaceae	Jalong krem (J)	Bark is chewed with betel leaf
Calamus acanthospathus Griff.	Arecaceae	Rie (G)	Shoots are pounded, fermented, sun dried and stored for off season
Calamus erectus Roxb.	Arecaceae	Soh thri (K, J)	Fruits are eaten raw
Cardamine macrophylla Willd.	Brassicaceae	Unknown	Leaves are used as vegetable
Casearia graveolens Dalz.	Flacourtiaceae	Bolong miandok (G)	Leaves and twigs are cooked and used as vegetable
Castanopsis indica (Roxb.) DC.	Fagaceae	Chhakku khokrok (G)	Fruits are eaten raw
Centella asiatica Linn.	Apiaceae	Kynbat moina (K), Brahmi (G)	Roots and leaves are eaten raw or cooked as vegetable
Chlorophytum arundinaceum Baker.	Liliaceae	Soh-kyian (J)	Cooked as vegetable
Cirsium involucratum DC.	Asteraceae	Soh chlia (J)	Seeds are aromatic, eaten raw
Codonopsis parviflora DC	Campanulaceae	Ja tyndong (J)	Leaves are cooked and eaten
Coix lacryma jobi Linn.	Poaceae	Sohriew (K)	Seed eaten raw or cooked
Colocasia esculenta Linn.	Araceae	Matchitangong (G)	Roots are cooked as vegetable
Corchorus olitorius Linn.	Tiliaceae	Mehku (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Corchorus aestuans Linn.	Tiliaceae	Amalthchu (G)	Roots are cooked as vegetable
Crateva magna (Lour.) DC.	Capparaceae	Jong sia (G)	Shoots are cooked and eaten
Crinum pretense FT.	Amaryllidaceae	Amaltchu (G)	Root are cooked as vegetable
Croton oblongifolius Roxb.	Euphorbiaceae	Marthu arong (G)	Leaves are used for fermenting liquor
Croton tiglium Linn.	Euphorbiaceae	Runi bih (G)	Fruits are used as antidote
Cucurbita moschata (Duch.) Poir.	Cucurbitaceae	Pathaw (K)	Cooked as vegetable
Cyathocalyx martabanicus Hk.f. & Th.	Annonaceae	Unknown	Ripe fruits is edible
Dendrocalamus halmiltonii Nees et Arn. Ex Munro.	Poaceae	Binh (G)	Shoot are pounded and used as pickle
Contd

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Table 1—Wild edible plants of Khasi, Jaintia and Garo tribes of Meghalaya—(Contd)
Plant name	Family	Local Names	Mode of Utilization
Desmodium triflorum DC.	Fabaceae	Memang-mong-arabak (G)	Leaves are cooked with dry fish
Dillenia indica Linn.	Dilleniaceae	Agachi (G), Dieng Soh Karbam (K)	Unripe fruits are cooked with dry fruits
Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.	Athyriaceae	Jhur Tyrkhang (K)	Fronds cooked as vegetable
Elaeagnus latifolia Linn.	Elaeagnaceae	Soh Shang (K, J), chhokhua (G)	Fruit are eaten raw
Elaeocarpus floribundus Bl.	Elaeocarpaceae	Jolpai (G)	Fruits are edible and used for making pickle
Elatostema dissectum Wedd.	Urticaceae	Jhur khlow (J)	Leaves and fruits are edible, raw or cooked
Eryngium foetidum Linn.	Apiaceae	Etucha-bellock (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Fagopyrum dibotrys D. Don.	Polygonaceae	Jarain (K, J)	Tender shoot are cooked and eaten as vegetable
Ficus clavata Wall.ex Miq.	Moraceae	Slileshiat (J)	Leaves are eaten as vegetable
Ficus hispida Linn.	Moraceae	Thamusa (G)	Unripe fruits are cooked as vegetable and ripe ones are eaten raw
Flemingia vestita Backer.	Fabaceae	Sohphlang (K, J)	Tubers are eaten raw
Garcinia pedunculata D. Don.	Clusiaceae	Soh danae (K), Thizou (G)	Fruit are eaten raw
Gaultheria fragrantissima Wall.	Ericaceae	La thynrait (K, J)	Fruits edible, leaves used for tea
Gnetum montanum Mark.	Gnetaceae	Jagingriube (G)	The seeds are chewed as substitute for areca nut
Gomphogyne cissiformis Griff.	Cucurbitaceae	Jhur thliem (K)	Leaves cooked as vegetable
Gynocardia odorata Br.	Flacourtiaceae	Sohliang (K, J)	Fruit eaten raw
Hedyotis diffusa Willd.	Rubiaceae	Mangaluk (G)	Leaves are eaten with fish after childbirth
Hibiscus pungens Roxb.	Malvaceae	Kaldha (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Hodgsonia macrocarpa (Bl.) Cogn.	Curcurbitaceae	Soh-lyot (K)	Seed edible, leaves as silk worm feed
Homalomena aromatica Sch.	Araceae	Kimchit nokam (G)	Petiole are cooked as vegetable
Houttuynia cordata Thunb.	Sauraceae	Jamyrdoh (K, J)	Whole plant eaten raw
Ilex acuminate Benth.	Aquifoliaceae	Jiakeng (J)	Leaves cooked as vegetable
Ipomea racemosa Roth.	Convolvulaceae	Setre budu (G)	Cooked as vegetable
Ixeris gracilis DC.	Asteraceae	Khmut sim (K)	Leaves as vegetable
Ixora subsessilis Wall.	Rubiaceae	Sang rura (G)	Cooked preferably mixed with dry fish
Luffa acutangula (L.) Roxb.	Cucurbitaceae	Sohprew (K)	Unripe fruit cooked as vegetable
Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem.	Cucurbitaceae	Sohprew	Unripe fruit cooked as vegetable
Mallotus philippinensis (Lam.) Muell. Arg.	Euphorbiaceae	Setre budie (G)	Unripe fruits are cooked as vegetable
Malvastrum tricuspidatum Linn.	Malvaceae	Som zalik (G)	Seeds are cooked as vegetable and bark is used as condiments
Monochorias hastate (L.) Solms.	Pontederiaceae	Garopaksi gachli (G)	Petioles are cooked with dry fish
Moringa oleifera Lam.	Moringaceae	Sajna (G)	Leaves, flowers and fruits are usually cooked with dry fish
Myrica esculenta Ham. Ex D. Don.	Myricaceae	Sohphie (K)	Fruits are eaten raw or used as pickle
Myrica nagi Hook.f.	Myricaceae	Sohphie (K)	Eaten raw and also used for as pickle
Contd

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Table 1—Wild edible plants of Khasi, Jaintia and Garo tribes of Meghalaya—(Contd)
Plant name	Family	Local Names	Mode of Utilization
Oxalis corniculata Linn.	Oxalidaceae	Soh dkhiew (K)	Plant as vegetable
Oxyspora paniculata DC.	Melastomataceae	Long tang (K)	Stem and leaves eaten as vegetable
Passiflora edulis Sims.	Passifloraceae	Sohbrab (K)	Ripe fruit are eaten raw
Pedicularis carnosa Wall.	Scrophulariaceae	Sam dipo (G) samthapar (K)	Leaves and roots are cooked as vegetable
Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK.	Peperomiaceae	Bithe (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Phlogacanthus thyrsiflorus (Roxb.) Nees.	Acanthaceae	Verua kain cheit (G), Jia merembut (J)	Leaves and flowers are cooked with fish and meat
Phrynium capitatum Willd.	Zingiberaceae	Balgate (G)	Roots are cooked as vegetable
Phyllanthus emblica Linn.	Euphorbiaceae	Bon bakeri (G)	Fruits are eaten raw also mixed with curry
Phyllanthus parvifolius Ham.	Euphorbiaceae	Jala mat kha (K), memang ambri (G)	Fruits are eaten raw also mixed with curry
Piper diffusum Vahl.	Piperaceae	Sohmrit (K)	Fruit as spice
Plectranthus incanus Link.	Acanthaceae	Chichittoni (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Polygonum chinense Linn.	Polygonaceae	U niuh-tmar (K)	Shoots are pounded, fermented, and sun dried for off season use
Polygonum muricatum HK.f..	Polygonaceae	Jabuit (K)	Leaves as vegetable
Polygonum nepalense Meissn.	Polygonaceae	Ja-ut (K)	Leaves as vegetable
Polygonum orientale Linn.	Polygonaceae	Jalynnoh (K)	Leaves as vegetable
Portulaca oleracea Linn.	Portulacaceae	Stilchi (G) Jiahusia (K)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Potentilla fulgens HK.	Rosaceae	Lynniang (K, J)	Root chewed with betel nut
Prunus nepalensis (Ser.) Steud. Ed.	Rosaceae	Sohiong (K, J)	Fruits edible
Pyrus communis Linn.	Rosaceae	Sohphoh (K, J)	Fruits edible
Rhododendron arboretum Sm.	Ericaceae	Tiewsaw (K, J)	Flower are eaten raw
Rhus semialata Murr.	Anacardiaceae	Sohsma (K, J)	Fruits edible
Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Wall ex Dietr) DC.	Gesneriaceae	Regong (G)	Leaves are cooked with dry fish
Rhynchotechum vestitum Hk.f. & T.	Gesneriaceae	Regong-chu (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable along with sodium bicarbonate
Rubus ellipticus Sm.	Rosaceae	Soh shiah (K,J)	Fruits edible
Rubus niveus Thunb.	Rosaceae	Soh khawiong (K)	Fruits edible
Rubus rugosus Sm.	Rosaceae	Soh nepbah (K)	Fruits edible
Rumex nepalensis Spr.	Polygonaceae	Jhur sniang (J)	Tender shoots used as vegetable
Smilax perfoliata Lour.	Smilacaceae	Shiah krot (K, J)	Shoot are pounded, fermented, extracted and then sun dried for off season use
Solanum ferox Linn.	Solanaceae	Soh khasi (K)	Fruits used as food; seeds for local drink
Solanum nigrum Linn.	Solanaceae	Soh ngang (K,J)	Fruits cooked as vegetables
Sonchus asper Linn.	Asteraceae	Jalynniar (K, J)	Leaves as vegetable
Sonchus oleraceous Linn.	Asteraceae	Soh lamjew (K)	Fruits are eaten raw
Strobilanthus coloratus T. Anders	Acanthaceae	Samoong (G)	Leaves are cooked as vegetable
Taxus baccata Linn.	Taxaceae	Sehblei (K, J)	Fruits are eaten raw
Viburnum foetidum Wall.	Caprifoliaceae	Sohlang (K, J)	Fruits edible
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.	Rutaceae	Jaiur khlaw (K)	Pungent and spicy fruits are used as spice
Zanthoxylum armatum DC.	Rutaceae	Jaiur (K, J)	Fruits are aromatic and used as spice
Zanthoxylum khasianum DC.	Rutaceae	Sumet-cheng (G), Jaiur khasi (K, J)	Leaves as vegetable, fruits aromatic, gives a tingling sensation and usually used for chutney /spice
Zanthoxylum limonella (Dennst.) Alst.	Rutaceae	Hajor (G)	Leaves as vegetable and the spine is of medicinal importance

OTHER RESOURCES:

Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK)

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/43

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